History of penicillin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of penicillin - Essay Example In 1896, a French medical student, Ernest Duchesne was the first person to notice Penicillin. Later in 1928, bacteriologist Alexander Fleming re-discovered the drug while working at St. Marys Hospital in London. Fleming discovered an interesting phenomenon with a plate culture of Staphylococcus. He was able to notice that the culture had produced a blue-green mold, which consequently dissolved colonies of bacteria surrounding the mold (Bellis, 4). After a couple of months, further research in to the phenomenon revealed that the mold produced an unknown substance, which dissolved the bacteria. The research also revealed that this mold was not harmful to animals but it was able to kill disease-causing organisms especially bacteria (Hare, 1). In 1939, Dr. Howard Florey, and three partners at Oxford University were able to show that penicillin was actually capable of killing bacteria that cause diseases. They discovered this by conducting intensive research in the capability and strength of the drug. However, there was a challenge, which hindered scientists from Britain to conduct intensive examinations of the drug with humans. This was due to the intensified war with Germany, which rendered the scientists unable to produce adequate quantities of penicillin for human trials. As a result, these British scientists turned to the United States for help. After several intensive experiments in the Peoria Lab, these scientists worked on various methods to increase the growth rate of fungal cultures (Bellis, 6). On 24 August 1940, there was the first publishing of Oxford papers, which showed the capability of penicillin in treating experimentally infected animals. Later, on 2 September same year, Fleming demonstrated that penicillin had the capability of producing total inhibition of staphylococci in human blood (Hare, 21). In 1943, scientists carried out the needed clinical trials, which demonstrated that penicillin was the most effectual antibacterial agent to

Imac Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Imac - Assignment Example The system was also not able to fully take the modules of programming that had used other similar Microsoft software packages. The failure of the highly expensive and hard to replace iMac to run Ronny’s software unfortunately effected his confidence level. Ronny’s computer skills were well known because he had created a very interesting geography puzzle for his classmates. He had also been working on the creation of a new video game in secret, which would be designed to increase the mental skills of younger people. He needed to run the program on the latest version of the computer so he could test his many creative ideas using multimedia and fix the mistakes if he found any. The failure of the iMac very much saddened and worried him. The many trips to repair shop also made him lose important time as he wanted to send his video game to the online contest set up by IBM. The creation of video games involves very advanced computers that can run hard computer programs using multimedia. The testing of software is an important part of software creation and a lucky run of each module lifts the confidence of the creator. The failure of iMac to fully accept the program modules that needed other similar Microsoft software turned out to be the biggest problem to Ronny’s wish to join the contest. iMac is supposed to be the most advanced computer that is able to perform huge numbers of tasks at high speeds. The weaknesses in the machine to run the important parts of Ronny’s programs majorly shook his confidence in Apple’s products. Ronny’s father was also not able to buy another computer for him because of the huge amount of money already spent on the first iMac. While iMacs are known for their power and skills, they are also known for their high prices. The father was very proud of his son and knew that an advanced computer like the iMac would make it easier for